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Let g be a finite-dimensional Lie algebra over some field k. A subalgebra h of g is called a Cartan subalgebra if it is nilpotent and equal to its normalizer, which is the ...

The term endomorphism derives from the Greek adverb endon ("inside") and morphosis ("to form" or "to shape"). In algebra, an endomorphism of a group, module, ring, vector ...

If g is a Lie algebra, then a subspace a of g is said to be a Lie subalgebra if it is closed under the Lie bracket. That is, a is a Lie subalgebra of g if for all x,y in a, ...

Let X be a set of urelements, and let V(^*X) be an enlargement of the superstructure V(X). Let A in V(X) be a finitary algebra with finitely many fundamental operations. Then ...

The structure constant is defined as iepsilon_(ijk), where epsilon_(ijk) is the permutation symbol. The structure constant forms the starting point for the development of Lie ...

An equation of the form f(x)=b (mod m), (1) where the values of 0<=x<m for which the equation holds are sought. Such an equation may have none, one, or many solutions. There ...

Throughout abstract algebra, the term "magma" is most often used as a synonym of the more antiquated term "groupoid," referring to a set equipped with a binary operator. The ...

Let A be a normed (Banach) algebra. An algebraic left A-module X is said to be a normed (Banach) left A-module if X is a normed (Banach) space and the outer multiplication is ...

Let union represent "or", intersection represent "and", and ^' represent "not." Then, for two logical units E and F, (E union F)^'=E^' intersection F^' (E intersection ...

A spectral sequence is a tool of homological algebra that has many applications in algebra, algebraic geometry, and algebraic topology. Roughly speaking, a spectral sequence ...