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A Hadamard matrix is a type of square (-1,1)-matrix invented by Sylvester (1867) under the name of anallagmatic pavement, 26 years before Hadamard (1893) considered them. In ...

A polyomino is a generalization of the domino to a collection of n squares of equal size arranged with coincident sides. Polyominos were originally called "super-dominoes" by ...

A closed trail is called a circuit when it is specified in cyclic order but no first vertex is explicitly identified.

A Ramsey number of the form R(k,k;2).

Edge splitting is the reverse of edge contraction.

An elegant algorithm for constructing an Eulerian cycle (Skiena 1990, p. 193).

The problem of deciding if four colors are sufficient to color any map on a plane or sphere.

As shown by Schur (1916), the Schur number S(n) satisfies S(n)<=R(n)-2 for n=1, 2, ..., where R(n) is a Ramsey number.

The Parts graphs are a set of unit-distance graphs with chromatic number five derived by Jaan Parts in 2019-2020 (Parts 2020a). They provide some of the smallest known ...

The braced square problem asks, given a hinged square composed of four equal rods (indicated by the red lines above), how many more hinged rods must be added in the same ...