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A planted plane tree (V,E,v,alpha) is defined as a vertex set V, edges set E, root v, and order relation alpha on V which satisfies 1. For x,y in V if rho(x)<rho(y), then ...

In elliptic n-space, the flat pole of an (n-1)-flat is a point located an arc length of pi/2 radians distant from each point of the (n-1)-flat. For an n-dimensional spherical ...

There are two different definitions of "polar vector." In elementary math, the term "polar vector" is used to refer to a representation of a vector as a vector magnitude ...

A polyabolo is an analog of the polyomino composed of n isosceles right triangles joined along edges of the same length. Polyaboloes are sometimes also called polytans ...

Pythagoras's theorem states that the diagonal d of a square with sides of integral length s cannot be rational. Assume d/s is rational and equal to p/q where p and q are ...

Let C be a curve and let O be a fixed point. Let P be on C and let Q be the curvature center at P. Let P_1 be the point with P_1O a line segment parallel and of equal length ...

A real normed algebra, also called a composition algebra, is a multiplication * on R^n that respects the length of vectors, i.e., |x*y|=|x|*|y| for x,y in R^n. The only real ...

The regular dodecagon, illustrated above, is the constructible 12-sided regular polygon that can be denoted using the Schläfli symbol {12}. The Australian 50-cent piece is ...

The regular octagon is the regular polygon with eight sides, as illustrated above. The inradius r, circumradius R, and area A of the regular octagon can be computed directly ...

A rhombus is a quadrilateral with both pairs of opposite sides parallel and all sides the same length, i.e., an equilateral parallelogram. The word rhomb is sometimes used ...