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A prime gap of length n is a run of n-1 consecutive composite numbers between two successive primes. Therefore, the difference between two successive primes p_k and p_(k+1) ...

A longimeter is a transparent sheet of plastic with a regular grid of lines inclined at an angle of 30 degrees to the sides of the sheet. By counting the number of squares ...

Given a linear code C of length n and dimension k over the field F, a parity check matrix H of C is a n×(n-k) matrix whose rows generate the orthogonal complement of C, i.e., ...

Let the minimal length of an addition chain for a number n be denoted l(n). Then the Scholz conjecture, also called the Scholz-Brauer conjecture or Brauer-Scholz conjecture, ...

Let p run over all distinct primitive ordered periodic geodesics, and let tau(p) denote the positive length of p, then the Selberg zeta function is defined as ...

A figure formed by taking a series of steps of length 1, 2, ..., n, with an angle theta turn after each step. The symbol for a spirolateral is ^(a_1,...,a_k)n_theta, where ...

A type of compact surface studied by German mathematician Otto Zoll following an idea of Darboux. It is characterized by the property that all its geodesics are closed and of ...

A sequence of primes q_1<q_2<...<q_k is a Cunningham chain of the first kind (second kind) of length k if q_(i+1)=2q_i+1 (q_(i+1)=2q_i-1) for i=1, ..., k-1. Cunningham primes ...

The curlicue fractal is a figure obtained by the following procedure. Let s be an irrational number. Begin with a line segment of unit length, which makes an angle phi_0=0 to ...

Form a sequence from an alphabet of letters [1,n] such that there are no consecutive letters and no alternating subsequences of length greater than d. Then the sequence is a ...