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A generalized Fourier series is a series expansion of a function based on the special properties of a complete orthogonal system of functions. The prototypical example of ...

A theorem, also known as Bachet's conjecture, which Bachet inferred from a lack of a necessary condition being stated by Diophantus. It states that every positive integer can ...

Also called Radau quadrature (Chandrasekhar 1960). A Gaussian quadrature with weighting function W(x)=1 in which the endpoints of the interval [-1,1] are included in a total ...

The prime counting function is the function pi(x) giving the number of primes less than or equal to a given number x (Shanks 1993, p. 15). For example, there are no primes ...

The set A^2 of all ordered pairs of complex numbers.

A nonhomogeneous linear equation or system of nonhomogeneous linear systems of equations is said to be affine.

The set of all nonsingular affine transformations of a translation in space constitutes a group known as the affine group. The affine group contains the full linear group and ...

The ideal generated by a set in a vector space.

An Alexander matrix is a presentation matrix for the Alexander invariant H_1(X^~) of a knot K. If V is a Seifert matrix for a tame knot K in S^3, then V^(T)-tV and V-tV^(T) ...

A hyperbolic linear map R^n->R^n with integer entries in the transformation matrix and determinant +/-1 is an Anosov diffeomorphism of the n-torus, called an Anosov ...