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One of the symbols ( or ) used to denote grouping. Parentheses have a great many specialized meanings in mathematics. A few of these are described below. 1. Parentheses are ...

A curve which may pass through any region of three-dimensional space, as contrasted to a plane curve which must lie in a single plane. Von Staudt (1847) classified space ...

A function that joins univariate distribution functions to form multivariate distribution functions. A two-dimensional copula is a function C:I^2->I such that C(0,t)=C(t,0)=0 ...

A mathematical relationship transforming a function f(x) to the form f(x+a).

In 1638, Fermat proposed that every positive integer is a sum of at most three triangular numbers, four square numbers, five pentagonal numbers, and n n-polygonal numbers. ...

The Lerch transcendent is generalization of the Hurwitz zeta function and polylogarithm function. Many sums of reciprocal powers can be expressed in terms of it. It is ...

A diagonal matrix is a square matrix A of the form a_(ij)=c_idelta_(ij), (1) where delta_(ij) is the Kronecker delta, c_i are constants, and i,j=1, 2, ..., n, with no implied ...

The contact angle between a sphere and a tangent plane is the angle alpha between the normal to the sphere at the point of tangency and the basal plane with respect to which ...

alpha(x) = 1/(sqrt(2pi))int_(-x)^xe^(-t^2/2)dt (1) = sqrt(2/pi)int_0^xe^(-t^2/2)dt (2) = 2Phi(x) (3) = erf(x/(sqrt(2))), (4) where Phi(x) is the normal distribution function ...

There are a number of functions in mathematics denoted with upper or lower case Qs. 1. The nome q. 2. A prefix denoting q-analogs and q-series. 3. Q_n or q_n with n=0, 1, 2, ...