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A vector sum is the result of adding two or more vectors together via vector addition. It is denoted using the normal plus sign, i.e., the vector sum of vectors A, B, and C ...

An auction in which the highest bidder wins but pays only the second-highest bid. This variation over the normal bidding procedure is supposed to encourage bidders to bid the ...

An equation of the form P(x)=0, where P(x) is a polynomial.

A polygonal number and 6-polygonal number of the form n(2n-1). The first few are 1, 6, 15, 28, 45, ... (OEIS A000384). The generating function for the hexagonal numbers is ...

A goodness-of-fit test for any statistical distribution. The test relies on the fact that the value of the sample cumulative density function is asymptotically normally ...

The encrypted form of a plaintext.

A Ramsey number of the form R(k,k;2).

A correction to a discrete binomial distribution to approximate a continuous distribution. P(a<=X<=b) approx P((a-1/2-np)/(sqrt(np(1-p)))<=z<=(b+1/2-np)/(sqrt(np(1-p)))), ...

The Gaussian joint variable theorem, also called the multivariate theorem, states that given an even number of variates from a normal distribution with means all 0, (1) etc. ...

Gibrat's distribution is a continuous distribution in which the logarithm of a variable x has a normal distribution, P(x)=1/(xsqrt(2pi))e^(-(lnx)^2/2), (1) defined over the ...