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The Lehmer-Mahler is the following integral representation for the Legendre polynomial P_n(x): P_n(costheta) = 1/piint_0^pi(costheta+isinthetacosphi)^ndphi (1) = ...

A modification of Legendre's formula for the prime counting function pi(x). It starts with |_x_| = (1) where |_x_| is the floor function, P_2(x,a) is the number of integers ...

A zonal harmonic is a spherical harmonic of the form P_l(costheta), i.e., one which reduces to a Legendre polynomial (Whittaker and Watson 1990, p. 302). These harmonics are ...

A cubic number is a figurate number of the form n^3 with n a positive integer. The first few are 1, 8, 27, 64, 125, 216, 343, ... (OEIS A000578). The protagonist Christopher ...

Catalan's constant is a constant that commonly appears in estimates of combinatorial functions and in certain classes of sums and definite integrals. It is usually denoted K ...

Number theory is a vast and fascinating field of mathematics, sometimes called "higher arithmetic," consisting of the study of the properties of whole numbers. Primes and ...

Given an acute angle in a right triangle, the adjacent side is the leg of the triangle from which the angle to the hypotenuse is measured. Lengths of adjacent and opposite ...

An Artin L-function over the rationals Q encodes in a generating function information about how an irreducible monic polynomial over Z factors when reduced modulo each prime. ...

The integral transform defined by (Kphi)(x)=int_0^infty(x^2-t^2)_+^(lambda/2)P_nu^lambda(t/x)phi(t)dt, where y_+^alpha is the truncated power function and P_nu^lambda(x) is ...

Functions which can be expressed in terms of Legendre functions of the first and second kinds. See Abramowitz and Stegun (1972, p. 337). P_(-1/2+ip)(costheta) = (1) = ...