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A branch of mathematics which brings together ideas from algebraic geometry, linear algebra, and number theory. In general, there are two main types of K-theory: topological ...

A theorem outlined by Kolmogorov (1954) which was subsequently proved in the 1960s by Arnol'd (1963) and Moser (1962; Tabor 1989, p. 105). It gives conditions under which ...

A 4-state two-dimensional Turing machine invented in the 1980s. The ant starts out on a grid containing black and white cells, and then follows the following set of rules. 1. ...

Lorentzian n-space is the inner product space consisting of the vector space R^n together with the n-dimensional Lorentzian inner product. In the event that the (1,n-1) ...

Roughly speaking, a matroid is a finite set together with a generalization of a concept from linear algebra that satisfies a natural set of properties for that concept. For ...

Mills (1947) proved the existence of a real constant A such that |_A^(3^n)_| (1) is prime for all integers n>=1, where |_x_| is the floor function. Mills (1947) did not, ...

A function f is said to be an entire modular form of weight k if it satisfies 1. f is analytic in the upper half-plane H, 2. f((atau+b)/(ctau+d))=(ctau+d)^kf(tau) whenever [a ...

A parallelogram is a quadrilateral with opposite sides parallel (and therefore opposite angles equal). A quadrilateral with equal sides is called a rhombus, and a ...

The lines containing the three points of the intersection of the three pairs of opposite sides of a (not necessarily regular) hexagon. There are 6! (i.e., 6 factorial) ...

A planar straight line embedding of a planar graph is a planar embedding in which only straight line segments are used to connect the graph vertices. Fáry (1948) showed that ...