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In 1757, V. Riccati first recorded the generalizations of the hyperbolic functions defined by F_(n,r)^alpha(x)=sum_(k=0)^infty(alpha^k)/((nk+r)!)x^(nk+r), (1) for r=0, ..., ...

Green's theorem is a vector identity which is equivalent to the curl theorem in the plane. Over a region D in the plane with boundary partialD, Green's theorem states ...

A harmonic number is a number of the form H_n=sum_(k=1)^n1/k (1) arising from truncation of the harmonic series. A harmonic number can be expressed analytically as ...

The bound for the number of colors which are sufficient for map coloring on a surface of genus g, gamma(g)=|_1/2(7+sqrt(48g+1))_| is the best possible, where |_x_| is the ...

A statistic which assigns a single number to several individual statistics in order to quantify trends. The best-known index in the United States is the consumer price index, ...

An inellipse inconic that is an ellipse. The locus of the centers of the ellipses inscribed in a triangle is the interior of the medial triangle. Newton gave the solution to ...

The function intx gives the integer part of x. In many computer languages, the function is denoted int(x). It is related to the floor and ceiling functions |_x_| and [x] by ...

Integration by parts is a technique for performing indefinite integration intudv or definite integration int_a^budv by expanding the differential of a product of functions ...

The inverse tangent integral Ti_2(x) is defined in terms of the dilogarithm Li_2(x) by Li_2(ix)=1/4Li_2(-x^2)+iTi_2(x) (1) (Lewin 1958, p. 33). It has the series ...

Lagrange's identity is the algebraic identity (sum_(k=1)^na_kb_k)^2=(sum_(k=1)^na_k^2)(sum_(k=1)^nb_k^2)-sum_(1<=k<j<=n)(a_kb_j-a_jb_k)^2 (1) (Mitrinović 1970, p. 41; Marsden ...