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The inverse haversine function hav^(-1)(z) is defined by hav^(-1)(z)=2sin^(-1)(sqrt(z)). (1) The inverse haversine is implemented in the Wolfram Language as ...

Let M be a bounded set in the plane, i.e., M is contained entirely within a rectangle. The outer Jordan measure of M is the greatest lower bound of the areas of the coverings ...

Jordan's lemma shows the value of the integral I=int_(-infty)^inftyf(x)e^(iax)dx (1) along the infinite upper semicircle and with a>0 is 0 for "nice" functions which satisfy ...

By analogy with the log sine function, define the log cosine function by C_n=int_0^(pi/2)[ln(cosx)]^ndx. (1) The first few cases are given by C_1 = -1/2piln2 (2) C_2 = ...

The log sine function, also called the logsine function, is defined by S_n=int_0^pi[ln(sinx)]^ndx. (1) The first few cases are given by S_1 = -piln2 (2) S_2 = ...

If f(z) is continuous in a region D and satisfies ∮_gammafdz=0 for all closed contours gamma in D, then f(z) is analytic in D. Morera's theorem does not require simple ...

The ratio X/Y of independent normally distributed variates with zero mean is distributed with a Cauchy distribution. This can be seen as follows. Let X and Y both have mean 0 ...

A set X is said to be nowhere dense if the interior of the set closure of X is the empty set. For example, the Cantor set is nowhere dense. There exist nowhere dense sets of ...

A rational function P(x)/Q(x) can be rewritten using what is known as partial fraction decomposition. This procedure often allows integration to be performed on each term ...

A piecewise function is a function that is defined on a sequence of intervals. A common example is the absolute value, |x|={-x for x<0; 0 for x=0; x for x>0. (1) Piecewise ...