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The sign of a real number, also called sgn or signum, is -1 for a negative number (i.e., one with a minus sign "-"), 0 for the number zero, or +1 for a positive number (i.e., ...

There are two identities known as Catalan's identity. The first is F_n^2-F_(n+r)F_(n-r)=(-1)^(n-r)F_r^2, where F_n is a Fibonacci number. Letting r=1 gives Cassini's ...

The heptanacci constant is the limiting ratio of adjacent heptanacci numbers. It is the algebraic number P = (x^7-x^6-x^5-x^4-x^3-x^2-x-1)_1 (1) = 1.99196419660... (2) (OEIS ...

The hexanacci constant is the limiting ratio of adjacent hexanacci numbers. It is the algebraic number P = (x^6-x^5-x^4-x^3-x^2-x-1)_2 (1) = 1.98358284342... (2) (OEIS ...

Applying the Kaprekar routine to 4-digit number reaches 0 for exactly 77 4-digit numbers, while the remainder give 6174 in at most 8 iterations. The value 6174 is sometimes ...

The pentanacci constant is the limiting ratio of adjacent pentanacci numbers. It is the algebraic number P = (x^5-x^4-x^3-x^2-x-1)_1 (1) = 1.96594823... (2) (OEIS A103814), ...

d is called an e-divisor (or exponential divisor) of a number n with prime factorization n=p_1^(a_1)p_2^(a_2)...p_r^(a_r) if d|n and d=p_1^(b_1)p_2^(b_2)...p_r^(b_r), where ...

A number n such that the last digits of n^3 are the same as n. 49 is trimorphic since 49^3=117649 (Wells 1986, p. 124). The first few are 1, 4, 5, 6, 9, 24, 25, 49, 51, 75, ...

The ratio C of the largest to smallest singular value in the singular value decomposition of a matrix. The base-b logarithm of C is an estimate of how many base-b digits are ...

The Diffie-Hellman protocol is a method for two computer users to generate a shared private key with which they can then exchange information across an insecure channel. Let ...