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Vassiliev invariants, discovered around 1989, provided a radically new way of looking at knots. The notion of finite type (a.k.a. Vassiliev) knot invariants was independently ...

The Weierstrass elliptic functions (or Weierstrass P-functions, voiced "p-functions") are elliptic functions which, unlike the Jacobi elliptic functions, have a second-order ...

The 13 Archimedean solids are the convex polyhedra that have a similar arrangement of nonintersecting regular convex polygons of two or more different types arranged in the ...

The 120-cell is a finite regular four-dimensional polytope with Schläfli symbol {5,3,3}. It is also known as the hyperdodecahedron or hecatonicosachoron, and is composed of ...

The arithmetic-geometric mean agm(a,b) of two numbers a and b (often also written AGM(a,b) or M(a,b)) is defined by starting with a_0=a and b_0=b, then iterating a_(n+1) = ...

The conjugate gradient method is not suitable for nonsymmetric systems because the residual vectors cannot be made orthogonal with short recurrences, as proved in Voevodin ...

A complete bipartite graph, sometimes also called a complete bicolored graph (Erdős et al. 1965) or complete bigraph, is a bipartite graph (i.e., a set of graph vertices ...

The word configuration is sometimes used to describe a finite collection of points p=(p_1,...,p_n), p_i in R^d, where R^d is a Euclidean space. The term "configuration" also ...

A conformal mapping, also called a conformal map, conformal transformation, angle-preserving transformation, or biholomorphic map, is a transformation w=f(z) that preserves ...

A connected graph is graph that is connected in the sense of a topological space, i.e., there is a path from any point to any other point in the graph. A graph that is not ...