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A positive measure is a measure which is a function from the measurable sets of a measure space to the nonnegative real numbers. Sometimes, this is what is meant by measure, ...

The term used in physics and engineering for a harmonic function. Potential functions are extremely useful, for example, in electromagnetism, where they reduce the study of a ...

A prime factor is a factor that is prime, i.e., one that cannot itself be factored. In general, a prime factorization takes the form ...

The two-dimensional space consisting of the set of triples {(a,b,c):a,b,c in K, not all zero}, where triples which are scalar multiples of each other are identified.

Given a Pythagorean triple (a,b,c), the fractions a/b and b/a are called Pythagorean fractions. Diophantus showed that the Pythagorean fractions consist precisely of ...

A quadratic recurrence is a recurrence equation on a sequence of numbers {x_n} expressing x_n as a second-degree polynomial in x_k with k<n. For example, x_n=x_(n-1)x_(n-2) ...

The quincunx is the pattern of five dots that appears on the "5" side of a 6-sided die. The word derives from the Latin words for both one and five. The Galton board is ...

A robust estimation based on a rank test.

When a measure lambda is absolutely continuous with respect to a positive measure mu, then it can be written as lambda(E)=int_Efdmu. By analogy with the first fundamental ...

A synonym for integer. The word "rational" is sometimes used for emphasis to distinguish it from other types of "integers" such as cyclotomic integers, Eisenstein integers, ...