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In the most commonly used convention (e.g., Apostol 1967, pp. 202-204), the first fundamental theorem of calculus, also termed "the fundamental theorem, part I" (e.g., Sisson ...

A robust nonparametric test which is an alternative to the paired t-test. This test makes the basic assumption that there is information only in the signs of the differences ...

A flexagon-like structure created by connecting the ends of a strip of four squares after folding along 45 degrees diagonals. Using a number of folding movements, it is ...

The term folium means "leaf" in Latin and refers and refers to a plane curve having "leaf-shaped" rounded lobes. There are a number of different sorts of folia, including ...

The term "fractal dimension" is sometimes used to refer to what is more commonly called the capacity dimension of a fractal (which is, roughly speaking, the exponent D in the ...

Let I(G) denote the set of all independent sets of vertices of a graph G, and let I(G,u) denote the independent sets of G that contain the vertex u. A fractional coloring of ...

A fractional ideal is a generalization of an ideal in a ring R. Instead, a fractional ideal is contained in the number field F, but has the property that there is an element ...

A functional is a real-valued function on a vector space V, usually of functions. For example, the energy functional on the unit disk D assigns a number to any differentiable ...

Given a real m×n matrix A, there are four associated vector subspaces which are known colloquially as its fundamental subspaces, namely the column spaces and the null spaces ...

The interesting function defined by the definite integral G(x)=int_0^xsin(tsint)dt, illustrated above (Glasser 1990). The integral cannot be done in closed form, but has a ...