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Conjugation is the process of taking a complex conjugate of a complex number, complex matrix, etc., or of performing a conjugation move on a knot. Conjugation also has a ...

The word "degree" has many meanings in mathematics. The most common meaning is the unit of angle measure defined such that an entire rotation is 360 degrees. This unit harks ...

A polynomial Z_G(q,v) in two variables for abstract graphs. A graph with one graph vertex has Z=q. Adding a graph vertex not attached by any graph edges multiplies the Z by ...

An algorithm which allows digits of a given number to be calculated without requiring the computation of earlier digits. The BBP formula for pi is the best-known such ...

Erdős and Heilbronn (Erdős and Graham 1980) posed the problem of estimating from below the number of sums a+b where a in A and b in B range over given sets A,B subset= Z/pZ ...

By choosing appropriate rules, it is possible to achieve many forms of synchronization within cellular automata. One version, known as the firing squad synchronization ...

A quantitative measure of the simplicity of a geometric construction which reduces geometric constructions to five steps. It was devised by È. Lemoine. S_1 Place a ...

Various handshaking problems are in circulation, the most common one being the following. In a room of n people, how many different handshakes are possible? The answer is (n; ...

If an integrable quasiperiodic system is slightly perturbed so that it becomes nonintegrable, only a finite number of n-map cycles remain as a result of mode locking. One ...

The German mathematician Kronecker proved that all the Galois extensions of the rationals Q with Abelian Galois groups are subfields of cyclotomic fields Q(mu_n), where mu_n ...