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A map projection in which areas on a sphere, and the areas of any features contained on it, are mapped to the plane in such a way that two are related by a constant scaling ...

The Gall orthographic projection is a cylindrical equal-area projection with standard parallel of 45 degrees.

The internal (external) bisecting plane of a dihedral angle of a tetrahedron divides the opposite edge in the ratio of the areas of the adjacent faces.

An authalic latitude which is directly proportional to the spacing of parallels of latitude from the equator on an ellipsoidal Mercator projection. It is defined by ...

An auxiliary latitude also called the reduced latitude and denoted eta or theta. It gives the latitude on a sphere of radius a for which the parallel has the same radius as ...

The Peters projection is a cylindrical equal-area projection that de-emphasizes the exaggeration of areas at high latitudes by shifting the standard latitude to phi_s=44.138 ...

A principle that was first enunciated by Jakob Bernoulli which states that if we are ignorant of the ways an event can occur (and therefore have no reason to believe that one ...

An auxiliary latitude which gives a sphere having correct distances along the meridians. It is denoted mu (or omega) and is given by mu=(piM)/(2M_p). (1) M_p is evaluated for ...

Roughly speaking, the metric tensor g_(ij) is a function which tells how to compute the distance between any two points in a given space. Its components can be viewed as ...

A primitive root of a prime p is an integer g such that g (mod p) has multiplicative order p-1 (Ribenboim 1996, p. 22). More generally, if GCD(g,n)=1 (g and n are relatively ...