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The center of an inner Soddy circle. It has equivalent triangle center functions alpha = 1+(2Delta)/(a(b+c-a)) (1) alpha = sec(1/2A)cos(1/2B)cos(1/2C)+1, (2) where Delta is ...

If two quantities A and B are approximately equal, this is written A approx B.

A map projection which is a conformal mapping, i.e., one for which local (infinitesimal) angles on a sphere are mapped to the same angles in the projection. On maps of an ...

A pseudocylindrical map projection which distorts shape, area, scale, and distance to create attractive average projection properties.

The gnomonic projection is a nonconformal map projection obtained by projecting points P_1 (or P_2) on the surface of sphere from a sphere's center O to point P in a plane ...

If W is a k-dimensional subspace of a vector space V with inner product <,>, then it is possible to project vectors from V to W. The most familiar projection is when W is the ...

A double integral over three coordinates giving the area within some region R, A=intint_(R)dxdy. If a plane curve is given by y=f(x), then the area between the curve and the ...

Surface area is the area of a given surface. Roughly speaking, it is the "amount" of a surface (i.e., it is proportional to the amount of paint needed to cover it), and has ...

The orthographic projection is a projection from infinity that preserves neither area nor angle. It is given by x = cosphisin(lambda-lambda_0) (1) y = ...

The area element for a surface with first fundamental form ds^2=Edu^2+2Fdudv+Gdv^2 is dA=sqrt(EG-F^2)du ^ dv, where du ^ dv is the wedge product.