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A unique factorization domain, called UFD for short, is any integral domain in which every nonzero noninvertible element has a unique factorization, i.e., an essentially ...

"Analysis of Variance." A statistical test for heterogeneity of means by analysis of group variances. ANOVA is implemented as ANOVA[data] in the Wolfram Language package ...

An element of an adèle group, sometimes called a repartition in older literature (e.g., Chevalley 1951, p. 25). Adèles arise in both number fields and function fields. The ...

An operator defined on a set S which takes two elements from S as inputs and returns a single element of S. Binary operators are called compositions by Rosenfeld (1968). Sets ...

When referring to a planar object, "free" means that the object is regarded as capable of being picked up out of the plane and flipped over. As a result, mirror images are ...

The granny knot is a composite knot of six crossings consisting of a knot sum of two left-handed trefoils with the same orientation (Rolfsen 1976, p. 220). The granny knot ...

The square knot, also called the reef knot, is a composite knot of six crossings consisting of a knot sum of a trefoil knot and its mirror image (Rolfsen 1976, p. 220). The ...

Analytic number theory is the branch of number theory which uses real and complex analysis to investigate various properties of integers and prime numbers. Examples of topics ...

A theorem from information theory that is a simple consequence of the weak law of large numbers. It states that if a set of values X_1, X_2, ..., X_n is drawn independently ...

An extreme point of a subset K of a vector space X is an extreme set S of K which consists of a single point x in K. The collection of all extreme points of K is sometimes ...