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A tree is a mathematical structure that can be viewed as either a graph or as a data structure. The two views are equivalent, since a tree data structure contains not only a ...

In mathematics, a knot is defined as a closed, non-self-intersecting curve that is embedded in three dimensions and cannot be untangled to produce a simple loop (i.e., the ...

The n-hypercube graph, also called the n-cube graph and commonly denoted Q_n or 2^n, is the graph whose vertices are the 2^k symbols epsilon_1, ..., epsilon_n where ...

A unit-distance graph is a distance graph having an embedding in the Euclidean plane (unit-distance embedding) in which vertices are distinct points and all edges are of ...

Buffon's needle problem asks to find the probability that a needle of length l will land on a line, given a floor with equally spaced parallel lines a distance d apart. The ...

The nth central binomial coefficient is defined as (2n; n) = ((2n)!)/((n!)^2) (1) = (2^n(2n-1)!!)/(n!), (2) where (n; k) is a binomial coefficient, n! is a factorial, and n!! ...

The Doyle graph, sometimes also known as the Holt graph (Marušič et al. 2005), is the quartic symmetric graph on 27 nodes illustrated above in several embeddings. It is ...

There are many mathematical and recreational problems related to folding. Origami, the Japanese art of paper folding, is one well-known example. It is possible to make a ...

The Hoffman-Singleton graph is the graph on 50 nodes and 175 edges that is the only regular graph of vertex degree 7, diameter 2, and girth 5. It is the unique (7,5)-cage ...

An integral of the form intf(z)dz, (1) i.e., without upper and lower limits, also called an antiderivative. The first fundamental theorem of calculus allows definite ...