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A function f(x_1,...,x_n) of one or more variables whose range is one-dimensional, as compared to a vector function, whose range is three-dimensional (or, in general, ...

A diagonal matrix whose diagonal elements all contain the same scalar lambda. A scalar matrix is therefore equivalent to lambdaI, where I is the identity matrix.

Scalar multiplication refers to the multiplication of a vector by a constant s, producing a vector in the same (for s>0) or opposite (for s<0) direction but of different ...

A conservative vector field (for which the curl del xF=0) may be assigned a scalar potential where int_CF·ds is a line integral.

A scalene triangle is a triangle that has three unequal sides, such as those illustrated above.

Increasing a plane figure's linear dimensions by a scale factor s increases the perimeter p^'->sp and the area A^'->s^2A.

A correspondence between a permutation and a pair of Young tableaux.

The function giving the volume of the spherical quadrectangular tetrahedron: V=(pi^2)/8f(pi/p,pi/q,pi/r), (1) where (2) and D=sqrt(cos^2xcos^2z-cos^2y). (3)

A definition of a function using a contour integral. Schläfli integrals may be converted into Rodrigues representations.

For R[z]>0, where J_nu(z) is a Bessel function of the first kind.