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Let C=C^+ union C^- (where C^+ intersection C^-=emptyset) be the disjoint union of two finite components C^+ and C^-. Let alpha and beta be two involutions on C, each of ...

A generalized Vandermonde matrix of two sequences a and b where a is an increasing sequence of positive integers and b is an increasing sequence of nonnegative integers of ...

Gomoku, also called go-moku (Japanese for "five points") is a tic-tac-toe-like game in which two players alternately place pieces, with each player using pieces of a fixed ...

Gram's law (Hutchinson 1925; Edwards 2001, pp. 125, 127, and 171) is the tendency for zeros of the Riemann-Siegel function Z(t) to alternate with Gram points. Stated more ...

The circumference of a graph is the length of any longest cycle in a graph. Hamiltonian graphs on n>1 vertices therefore have circumference of n. For a cyclic graph, the ...

The assignment of labels or colors to the edges or vertices of a graph. The most common types of graph colorings are edge coloring and vertex coloring.

The eccentricity epsilon(v) of a graph vertex v in a connected graph G is the maximum graph distance between v and any other vertex u of G. For a disconnected graph, all ...

Let S be a set and F={S_1,...,S_p} a nonempty family of distinct nonempty subsets of S whose union is union _(i=1)^pS_i=S. The intersection graph of F is denoted Omega(F) and ...

The great stellated truncated dodecahedron, also called the quasitruncated great stellated dodecahedron is the uniform polyhedron with Maeder index 66 (Maeder 1997), ...

The Griewank function is a function widely used to test the convergence of optimization functions. The Griewank function of order n is defined by ...