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The derivative of a function represents an infinitesimal change in the function with respect to one of its variables. The "simple" derivative of a function f with respect to ...

A polynomial is a mathematical expression involving a sum of powers in one or more variables multiplied by coefficients. A polynomial in one variable (i.e., a univariate ...

A primality test that provides an efficient probabilistic algorithm for determining if a given number is prime. It is based on the properties of strong pseudoprimes. The ...

Thâbit ibn Kurrah's rules is a beautiful result of Thâbit ibn Kurrah dating back to the tenth century (Woepcke 1852; Escott 1946; Dickson 2005, pp. 5 and 39; Borho 1972). ...

The least common multiple of two numbers a and b, variously denoted LCM(a,b) (this work; Zwillinger 1996, p. 91; Råde and Westergren 2004, p. 54), lcm(a,b) (Gellert et al. ...

The factorization of a number into its constituent primes, also called prime decomposition. Given a positive integer n>=2, the prime factorization is written ...

A cylindrical wedge, also called a cylindrical hoof or cylindrical ungula, is a wedge cut from a cylinder by slicing with a plane that intersects the base of the cylinder. ...

The hyperbolic sine is defined as sinhz=1/2(e^z-e^(-z)). (1) The notation shz is sometimes also used (Gradshteyn and Ryzhik 2000, p. xxix). It is implemented in the Wolfram ...

The fundamental theorem of arithmetic states that every positive integer (except the number 1) can be represented in exactly one way apart from rearrangement as a product of ...

The negadecimal representation of a number n is its representation in base -10 (i.e., base negative 10). It is therefore given by the coefficients a_na_(n-1)...a_1a_0 in n = ...