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A plot of y_i versus the estimator e_i=y^^_i-y_i. Random scatter indicates the model is probably good. A pattern indicates a problem with the model. If the spread in e_i ...

A method for predicting the onset of widespread chaos.

A polyhedron with extra square faces, given by the Schläfli symbol r{p; q}.

The logical axiom R(x,y)=!(!(x v y) v !(x v !y))=x, where !x denotes NOT and x v y denotes OR, that, when taken together with associativity and commutativity, is equivalent ...

An estimation technique which is insensitive to small departures from the idealized assumptions which have been used to optimize the algorithm. Classes of such techniques ...

dN^^+kappa_idr=0, where N^^ is the unit normal vector and kappa_i is one of the two principal curvatures.

The operation of taking an nth root of a number.

A specification of elements in a list as a list of pairs giving the element and number of times it occurs in a run. For example, given the list ...

A Greek cross rotated by 45 degrees, also called the crux decussata, illustrated schematically above in polyomino form. The multiplication sign × is based on Saint Andrew's ...

Sample size is the number of observations in a sample (Evans et al. 2000, p. 16). It is commonly denoted n or N.