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Baillie and Wagstaff (1980) and Pomerance et al. (1980, Pomerance 1984) proposed a test (or rather a related set of tests) based on a combination of strong pseudoprimes and ...

For some constant alpha_0, alpha(f,z)<alpha_0 implies that z is an approximate zero of f, where alpha(f,z)=(|f(z)|)/(|f^'(z)|)sup_(k>1)|(f^((k))(z))/(k!f^'(z))|^(1/(k-1)). ...

The Lucas-Lehmer test is an efficient deterministic primality test for determining if a Mersenne number M_n is prime. Since it is known that Mersenne numbers can only be ...

A theorem which plays a fundamental role in computer science because it is one of the main tools for showing that certain orderings on trees are well-founded. These orderings ...

Suppose f(x) is a function of x that is twice differentiable at a stationary point x_0. 1. If f^('')(x_0)>0, then f has a local minimum at x_0. 2. If f^('')(x_0)<0, then f ...

The Wallis formula follows from the infinite product representation of the sine sinx=xproduct_(n=1)^infty(1-(x^2)/(pi^2n^2)). (1) Taking x=pi/2 gives ...

Wallis's constant is the real solution (x^3-2x-5)_1=2.0945514815... (OEIS A007493) to the cubic equation x^3-2x-5=0. It was solved by Wallis to illustrate Newton's method for ...

Find nontrivial solutions to sigma(x^2)=sigma(y^2) other than (x,y)=(4,5), where sigma(n) is the divisor function. Nontrivial solutions means that solutions which are ...

A compact set W_infty with area mu(W_infty)=8/9(24)/(25)(48)/(49)...=pi/4 created by punching a square hole of length 1/3 in the center of a square. In each of the eight ...

A modified Miller's primality test which gives a guarantee of primality or compositeness. The algorithm's running time for a number n has been proved to be as ...