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A labeled ternary tree containing the labels 1 to n with root 1, branches leading to nodes labeled 2, 3, 4, branches from these leading to 5, 6, 7 and 8, 9, 10 respectively, ...

The sum over all external (square) nodes of the lengths of the paths from the root of an extended binary tree to each node. For example, in the tree above, the external path ...

The sum I over all internal (circular) nodes of the paths from the root of an extended binary tree to each node. For example, in the tree above, the internal path length is ...

A generalization of the binomial coefficient whose notation was suggested by Knuth, |_n; k]=(|_n]!)/(|_k]!|_n-k]!), (1) where |_n] is a Roman factorial. The above expression ...

A specific prescription for carrying out a task or solving a problem. Also called an algorithm, method, or technique

A problem is assigned to the P (polynomial time) class if there exists at least one algorithm to solve that problem, such that the number of steps of the algorithm is bounded ...

An alternative term for a binomial coefficient, in which (n; k) is read as "n choose k." R. K. Guy suggested this pronunciation around 1950, when the notations ^nC_r and ...

A generalization of the Bulirsch-Stoer algorithm for solving ordinary differential equations.

The number of single operations (of addition, subtraction, and multiplication) required to complete an algorithm.

A theory is decidable iff there is an algorithm which can determine whether or not any sentence r is a member of the theory.