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The unknotting number for a torus knot (p,q) is (p-1)(q-1)/2. This 40-year-old conjecture was proved (Adams 1994) by Kronheimer and Mrowka (1993, 1995).

A concordance between knots K_0 and K_1 in S^3 is a locally flat cylinder C=S^1×[0,1] embedded in S^3×[0,1] in such a way that the ends S^1×{1} are embedded in S^3×{i} as ...

The operation of drilling a tubular neighborhood of a knot K in S^3 and then gluing in a solid torus so that its meridian curve goes to a (p,q)-curve on the torus boundary of ...

An embedding of a 1-sphere in a 3-manifold which exists continuously over the 2-disk also extends over the disk as an embedding. An alternate phrasing is that if a knot group ...

There are several different definition of link. In knot theory, a link is one or more disjointly embedded circles in three-space. More informally, a link is an assembly of ...

A region in a knot or link projection plane surrounded by a circle such that the knot or link crosses the circle exactly four times. Two tangles are equivalent if a sequence ...

A 180 degrees rotation of a tangle. The word "flype" is derived from the old Scottish verb meaning "to turn or fold back." Tait (1898) used this word to indicate a different ...

For K a given knot in S^3, choose a Seifert surface M^2 in S^3 for K and a bicollar M^^×[-1,1] in S^3-K. If x in H_1(M^^) is represented by a 1-cycle in M^^, let x^+ denote ...

The set of fixed points which do not move as a knot is transformed into itself is not a knot. The conjecture was proved in 1978 (Morgan and Bass 1984). According to Morgan ...

The algebraic unknotting number of a knot K in S^3 is defined as the algebraic unknotting number of the S-equivalence class of a Seifert matrix of K. The algebraic unknotting ...