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A zero vector, denoted 0, is a vector of length 0, and thus has all components equal to zero. It is the additive identity of the additive group of vectors.

Given a map with genus g>0, Heawood showed in 1890 that the maximum number N_u of colors necessary to color a map (the chromatic number) on an unbounded surface is N_u = ...

The numbers three and four appear prominently in the game of baseball. There are three strikes for an out, three outs per half-inning (i.e., teams switch after three outs, ...

"The" Griffiths point Gr is the fixed point in Griffiths' theorem. Given four points on a circle and a line through the center of the circle, the four corresponding Griffiths ...

A Lie algebra is nilpotent when its Lie algebra lower central series g_k vanishes for some k. Any nilpotent Lie algebra is also solvable. The basic example of a nilpotent Lie ...

Let G be a group, then there exists a piecewise linear knot K^(n-2) in S^n for n>=5 with G=pi_1(S^n-K) iff G satisfies 1. G is finitely presentable, 2. The Abelianization of ...

A vertex-transitive graph, also sometimes called a node symmetric graph (Chiang and Chen 1995), is a graph such that every pair of vertices is equivalent under some element ...

Given a succession of nonsingular points which are on a nonhyperelliptic curve of curve genus p, but are not a group of the canonical series, the number of groups of the ...

If F is an algebraic Galois extension field of K such that the Galois group of the extension is Abelian, then F is said to be an Abelian extension of K. For example, ...

The classification theorem of finite simple groups, also known as the "enormous theorem," which states that the finite simple groups can be classified completely into 1. ...