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The z-score associated with the ith observation of a random variable x is given by z_i=(x_i-x^_)/sigma, where x^_ is the mean and sigma the standard deviation of all ...

A discrete function A(n,k) is called closed form (or sometimes "hypergeometric") in two variables if the ratios A(n+1,k)/A(n,k) and A(n,k+1)/A(n,k) are both rational ...

A confidence interval is an interval in which a measurement or trial falls corresponding to a given probability. Usually, the confidence interval of interest is symmetrically ...

A macron is a bar placed over a single symbol or character, such as x^_. The symbol z^_ is sometimes used to denote the following operations: 1. The complex conjugate z^_. 2. ...

"Much greater" is used to indicate a strong inequality in which a is not only greater than b, but much greater (by some convention), is denoted a>>b. For an astronomer, ...

The objective of global optimization is to find the globally best solution of (possibly nonlinear) models, in the (possible or known) presence of multiple local optima. ...

10^(18) bytes. Unfortunately, the term is sometimes also used to mean 2^(60)=1024^6 bytes. However, the latter usage is deprecated, and the term exbibyte is preferred for ...

A curvature of a submanifold of a manifold which depends on its particular embedding. Examples of extrinsic curvature include the curvature and torsion of curves in ...

The integral 1/(2pi(n+1))int_(-pi)^pif(x){(sin[1/2(n+1)x])/(sin(1/2x))}^2dx which gives the nth Cesàro mean of the Fourier series of f(x).

1000 bytes. Unfortunately, the term is sometimes also used to mean 2^(10)=1024 bytes. However, this usage is deprecated, and the term kibibyte is preferred for 1024 bytes.