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A closed three-dimensional figure (which may, according to some terminology conventions, be self-intersecting). Kern and Bland (1948, p. 18) define a solid as any limited ...

A Lie algebra g is solvable when its Lie algebra commutator series, or derived series, g^k vanishes for some k. Any nilpotent Lie algebra is solvable. The basic example is ...

The natural norm induced by the L2-norm. Let A^(H) be the conjugate transpose of the square matrix A, so that (a_(ij))^(H)=(a^__(ji)), then the spectral norm is defined as ...

The extension field K of a field F is called a splitting field for the polynomial f(x) in F[x] if f(x) factors completely into linear factors in K[x] and f(x) does not factor ...

A substitution system in which rules are used to operate on a string consisting of letters of a certain alphabet. String rewriting systems are also variously known as ...

A distance graph with distance set (0,1].

Given an n-dimensional vector x=[x_1; x_2; |; x_n], (1) a general vector norm |x|, sometimes written with a double bar as ||x||, is a nonnegative norm defined such that 1. ...

The Weibull distribution is given by P(x) = alphabeta^(-alpha)x^(alpha-1)e^(-(x/beta)^alpha) (1) D(x) = 1-e^(-(x/beta)^alpha) (2) for x in [0,infty), and is implemented in ...

Van der Corput sequences are a means of generating sequences of points that are maximally self-avoiding (a.k.a. quasirandom sequences). In the one-dimensional case, the ...

A circular sector is a wedge obtained by taking a portion of a disk with central angle theta<pi radians (180 degrees), illustrated above as the shaded region. A sector with ...