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The length of the polygonal spiral is found by noting that the ratio of inradius to circumradius of a regular polygon of n sides is r/R=(cot(pi/n))/(csc(pi/n))=cos(pi/n). (1) ...

The difference between the sum of the angles A, B, and C of a spherical triangle and pi radians (180 degrees), E=A+B+C-pi. The notation Delta is sometimes used for spherical ...

A volume element is the differential element dV whose volume integral over some range in a given coordinate system gives the volume of a solid, V=intintint_(G)dxdydz. (1) In ...

A polyhedron consisting of a n-gon, a parallel 2n-gon rotated a half-edge turn, and a band of paired triangles separated by pentagons. The only true member giving a ...

The above topological structure, composed of a countable union of compact sets, is called Alexander's horned sphere. It is homeomorphic with the ball B^3, and its boundary is ...

The area of a surface or lamina is the amount of material needed to "cover" it completely. The area of a surface or collection of surfaces bounding a solid is called, not ...

Let c and d!=c be real numbers (usually taken as c=1 and d=0). The Dirichlet function is defined by D(x)={c for x rational; d for x irrational (1) and is discontinuous ...

An interior point method is a linear or nonlinear programming method (Forsgren et al. 2002) that achieves optimization by going through the middle of the solid defined by the ...

The word "star" is used in a number of different ways in mathematics. The term is commonly used to voice an asterisk when appearing in a mathematical expression. For example, ...

A n-gonal cupola adjoined to a 2n-gonal prism.