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The point at which a curve or function crosses the y-axis (i.e., when x=0 in two dimensions).

Determinants are mathematical objects that are very useful in the analysis and solution of systems of linear equations. As shown by Cramer's rule, a nonhomogeneous system of ...

A product involving an infinite number of terms. Such products can converge. In fact, for positive a_n, the product product_(n=1)^(infty)a_n converges to a nonzero number iff ...

Spherical coordinates, also called spherical polar coordinates (Walton 1967, Arfken 1985), are a system of curvilinear coordinates that are natural for describing positions ...

An (ordinary) torus is a surface having genus one, and therefore possessing a single "hole" (left figure). The single-holed "ring" torus is known in older literature as an ...

An algebraic equation in n variables is an polynomial equation of the form f(x_1,x_2,...,x_n)=sum_(e_1,...,e_n)c_(e_1,e_2,...,e_n)x_1^(e_1)x_2^(e_2)...x_n^(e_n)=0, where the ...

An algebraic manifold is another name for a smooth algebraic variety. It can be covered by coordinate charts so that the transition functions are given by rational functions. ...

The circumcircle of an ellipse, i.e., the circle whose center concurs with that of the ellipse and whose radius is equal to the ellipse's semimajor axis.

The bifoliate is the quartic curve given by the Cartesian equation x^4+y^4=2axy^2 (1) and the polar equation r=(8costhetasin^2theta)/(3+cos(4theta))a (2) for theta in [0,pi]. ...

The box fractal is a fractal also called the anticross-stitch curve which can be constructed using string rewriting beginning with a cell [1] and iterating the rules {0->[0 0 ...