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The term "characteristic" has many different uses in mathematics. In general, it refers to some property that inherently describes a given mathematical object, for example ...

A very general theorem that allows the number of discrete combinatorial objects of a given type to be enumerated (counted) as a function of their "order." The most common ...

A proof that is only based on visual elements, without any comments. An arithmetic identity can be demonstrated by a picture showing a self-evident equality between numerical ...

A link which has a link diagram with alternating underpasses and overpasses. The proportion of links which are alternating tends exponentially to zero with increasing ...

Letting Lk be the linking number of the two components of a ribbon, Tw be the twist, and Wr be the writhe, then Lk(K)=Tw(K)+Wr(K). (Adams 1994, p. 187).

A "law of large numbers" is one of several theorems expressing the idea that as the number of trials of a random process increases, the percentage difference between the ...

If f(z) is meromorphic in a region R enclosed by a contour gamma, let N be the number of complex roots of f(z) in gamma, and P be the number of poles in gamma, with each zero ...

A general class of means introduced by Italian mathematician Oscar Chisini (pronounced keeseenee) in 1929. Given a function of n variables f(x_1,...,x_n), the Chisini mean of ...

Let P be the principal (initial investment), r be the annual compounded rate, i^((n)) the "nominal rate," n be the number of times interest is compounded per year (i.e., the ...

Computation time (also called "running time") is the length of time required to perform a computational process. Representation a computation as a sequence of rule ...