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The constant pi, denoted pi, is a real number defined as the ratio of a circle's circumference C to its diameter d=2r, pi = C/d (1) = C/(2r) (2) pi has decimal expansion ...

Clean tile is a game investigated by Buffon (1777) in which players bet on the number of different tiles a thrown coin will partially cover on a floor that is regularly ...

When a number is expressed in scientific notation, the number of significant digits (or significant figures) is the number of digits needed to express the number to within ...

A number of the form a_0+a_1zeta+...+a_(p-1)zeta^(p-1), where zeta=e^(2pii/p) is a de Moivre number and p is a prime number. Unique factorizations of cyclotomic integers fail ...

The Riemann zeta function is an extremely important special function of mathematics and physics that arises in definite integration and is intimately related with very deep ...

When ac is divisible by a number b that is relatively prime to a, then c must be divisible by b.

If a prime number divides a norm but not the bases of the norm, it is itself a norm.

An integer n which is tested to see if it divides a given number.

The polyhedral formula generalized to a surface of genus g, V-E+F=chi(g) where V is the number of polyhedron vertices, E is the number of polyhedron edges, F is the number of ...

In random number computation, a seed is an initial number used as the starting point in a random number generating algorithm. In a dynamical system, a seed is a starting ...