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Let the minimal length of an addition chain for a number n be denoted l(n). Then the Scholz conjecture, also called the Scholz-Brauer conjecture or Brauer-Scholz conjecture, ...

The idea of a velocity vector comes from classical physics. By representing the position and motion of a single particle using vectors, the equations for motion are simpler ...

The term "cylinder" has a number of related meanings. In its most general usage, the word "cylinder" refers to a solid bounded by a closed generalized cylinder (a.k.a. ...

Newton's method, also called the Newton-Raphson method, is a root-finding algorithm that uses the first few terms of the Taylor series of a function f(x) in the vicinity of a ...

The term "arbelos" means shoemaker's knife in Greek, and this term is applied to the shaded area in the above figure which resembles the blade of a knife used by ancient ...

The Legendre polynomials, sometimes called Legendre functions of the first kind, Legendre coefficients, or zonal harmonics (Whittaker and Watson 1990, p. 302), are solutions ...

Pascal's triangle is a number triangle with numbers arranged in staggered rows such that a_(nr)=(n!)/(r!(n-r)!)=(n; r), (1) where (n; r) is a binomial coefficient. The ...

A matrix is a concise and useful way of uniquely representing and working with linear transformations. In particular, every linear transformation can be represented by a ...

The circle with respect to which an inverse curve is computed or relative to which inverse points are computed. In three dimensions, inverse points can be computed relative ...

A Hamiltonian cycle, also called a Hamiltonian circuit, Hamilton cycle, or Hamilton circuit, is a graph cycle (i.e., closed loop) through a graph that visits each node ...