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One or both of the square bracket symbols [ and ] are used in many different contexts in mathematics. 1. Square brackets are occasionally used in especially complex ...

A sutured manifold is a tool in geometric topology which was first introduced by David Gabai in order to study taut foliations on 3-manifolds. Roughly, a sutured manifold is ...

The sequence defined by e_0=2 and the quadratic recurrence equation e_n=1+product_(i=0)^(n-1)e_i=e_(n-1)^2-e_(n-1)+1. (1) This sequence arises in Euclid's proof that there ...

The tetragonal antiwedge is the topological class of hexahedron. It has 10 edges and 6 vertices and its faces consist of 4 triangles and 2 quadrilaterals. A tetragonal ...

In general, a topological index, sometimes also known as a graph-theoretic index, is a numerical invariant of a chemical graph (Plavšić et al. 1993). Particular topological ...

Triangle geometry is the study of the properties of triangles, including associated triangle centers, triangle lines, central circles, triangle cubics, and many others. These ...

A median A_1M_1 of a triangle DeltaA_1A_2A_3 is the Cevian from one of its vertices A_1 to the midpoint M_1 of the opposite side. The three medians of any triangle are ...

A planar graph G is said to be triangulated (also called maximal planar) if the addition of any edge to G results in a nonplanar graph. If the special cases of the triangle ...

The degree of a graph vertex v of a graph G is the number of graph edges which touch v. The vertex degrees are illustrated above for a random graph. The vertex degree is also ...

A portion of a disk whose upper boundary is a (circular) arc and whose lower boundary is a chord making a central angle theta<pi radians (180 degrees), illustrated above as ...