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A concordant form is an integer triple (a,b,N) where {a^2+b^2=c^2; a^2+Nb^2=d^2, (1) with c and d integers. Examples include {14663^2+111384^2=112345^2; ...

The ratio C of the largest to smallest singular value in the singular value decomposition of a matrix. The base-b logarithm of C is an estimate of how many base-b digits are ...

Conformal latitude is defined by chi = 2tan^(-1){tan(1/4pi+1/2phi)[(1-esinphi)/(1+esinphi)]^(e/2)}-1/2pi (1) = ...

Let f(t) and g(t) be arbitrary functions of time t with Fourier transforms. Take f(t) = F_nu^(-1)[F(nu)](t)=int_(-infty)^inftyF(nu)e^(2piinut)dnu (1) g(t) = ...

The map projection having transformation equations x = (lambda-lambda_0)cosphi_1 (1) y = phi, (2) and the inverse formulas are phi = y (3) lambda = lambda_0+xsecphi_1, (4) ...

A differential k-form omega of degree p in an exterior algebra ^ V is decomposable if there exist p one-forms alpha_i such that omega=alpha_1 ^ ... ^ alpha_p, (1) where alpha ...

The inversion of a convolution equation, i.e., the solution for f of an equation of the form f*g=h+epsilon, given g and h, where epsilon is the noise and * denotes the ...

The disk model is the standard Boolean-Poisson model in two-dimensional continuum percolation theory. In particular, the disk model is characterized by the existence of a ...

Division by zero is the operation of taking the quotient of any number x and 0, i.e., x/0. The uniqueness of division breaks down when dividing by zero, since the product ...

Let P be a matrix of eigenvectors of a given square matrix A and D be a diagonal matrix with the corresponding eigenvalues on the diagonal. Then, as long as P is a square ...