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Given a matrix equation Ax=b, the normal equation is that which minimizes the sum of the square differences between the left and right sides: A^(T)Ax=A^(T)b. It is called a ...

A multiple of 2. The word should really be something like "bicade" (by analogy with decade) but the "oct" embedded in the stem of the word derives historically to the fact ...

The orthoptic circle of the Steiner inellipse is the circle with center at alpha_2=1/a, (1) corresponding to the triangle centroid G and radius ...

The statistical index P_P=(sump_nq_n)/(sump_0q_n), where p_n is the price per unit in period n and q_n is the quantity produced in period n.

The Pappus spiral is the name given to the conical spiral with parametric equations x(t) = asin(alphat)cost (1) y(t) = asin(alphat)sint (2) x(t) = acos(alphat) (3) by ...

A figurate number which is given by Ptop_n=1/4Te_n(n+3)=1/(24)n(n+1)(n+2)(n+3), where Te_n is the nth tetrahedral number. The first few pentatope numbers are 1, 5, 15, 35, ...

Let x:p(x)->xp(x), then for any operator T, T^'=Tx-xT is called the Pincherle derivative of T. If T is a shift-invariant operator, then its Pincherle derivative is also a ...

The l^infty-polynomial norm defined for a polynomial P=a_kx^k+...+a_1x+a_0 by ||P||_infty=max_(k)|a_k|. Note that some authors (especially in the area of Diophantine ...

The upper horizontal line segment in the above figure appears to be longer than the lower line segment despite the fact that both are the same length.

Given f:X->Y, the image of x is f(x). The preimage of y is then f^(-1)(y)={x|f(x)=y}, or all x whose image is y. Images are elements of the range, while preimages are subsets ...