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A ring homomorphism is a map f:R->S between two rings such that 1. Addition is preserved:f(r_1+r_2)=f(r_1)+f(r_2), 2. The zero element is mapped to zero: f(0_R)=0_S, and 3. ...

The root separation (or zero separation) of a polynomial P(x) with roots r_1, r_2, ... is defined by Delta(P)=min_(i!=j)|r_i-r_j|. There are lower bounds on how close two ...

The 20 Cayley lines generated by a hexagon inscribed in a conic section pass four at a time though 15 points known as Salmon points (Wells 1991). There is a dual relationship ...

The rth sample central moment m_r of a sample with sample size n is defined as m_r=1/nsum_(k=1)^n(x_k-m)^r, (1) where m=m_1^' is the sample mean. The first few sample central ...

A scatter diagram, also called a scatterplot or a scatter plot, is a visualization of the relationship between two variables measured on the same set of individuals. Scatter ...

The concurrence S of the Euler lines E_n of the triangles DeltaXBC, DeltaXCA, DeltaXAB, and DeltaABC where X is the incenter. It has equivalent triangle center functions ...

A point process N is called self-correcting if cov(N(s,t),N(t,u))<0 for s<t<u where here, cov denotes the covariance of the two quantities. Intuitively, a process is ...

A mathematical object defined for a set and a binary operator in which the multiplication operation is associative. No other restrictions are placed on a semigroup; thus a ...

A sinusoidal spiral is a curve of the form r^n=a^ncos(ntheta), (1) with n rational, which is not a true spiral. Sinusoidal spirals were first studied by Maclaurin. Special ...

A square matrix A is a special orthogonal matrix if AA^(T)=I, (1) where I is the identity matrix, and the determinant satisfies detA=1. (2) The first condition means that A ...