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The resistance distance between vertices i and j of a graph G is defined as the effective resistance between the two vertices (as when a battery is attached across them) when ...

The Laplacian matrix, sometimes also called the admittance matrix (Cvetković et al. 1998, Babić et al. 2002) or Kirchhoff matrix, of a graph G, where G=(V,E) is an ...

A graph G is transitive if any three vertices (x,y,z) such that edges (x,y),(y,z) in G imply (x,z) in G. Unlabeled transitive digraphs are called digraph topologies.

The metric dimension beta(G) (Tillquist et al. 2021) or dim(G) (Tomescu and Javid 2007, Ali et al. 2016) of a graph G is the smallest number of nodes required to identify all ...

An edge automorphism of a graph G is a permutation of the edges of G that sends edges with common endpoint into edges with a common endpoint. The set of all edge ...

In the plane, if a line intersects one side of a triangle and misses the three vertices, then it must intersect one of the other two sides. This is a special case of the ...

A plane figure consisting of four points, each of which is joined to two other points by a line segment (where the line segments may intersect). A quadrangle may therefore be ...

The external (internal) similarity point of two fixed circles is the point at which all the circles homogeneously (nonhomogeneously) tangent to the fixed circles have the ...

The group of functions from an object G to itself which preserve the structure of the object, denoted Aut(G). The automorphism group of a group preserves the multiplication ...

Suppose that G is a pseudograph, E is the edge set of G, and C is the family of edge sets of graph cycles of G. Then C obeys the axioms for the circuits of a matroid, and ...