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Catalan's constant is a constant that commonly appears in estimates of combinatorial functions and in certain classes of sums and definite integrals. It is usually denoted K ...

A circulant graph is a graph of n graph vertices in which the ith graph vertex is adjacent to the (i+j)th and (i-j)th graph vertices for each j in a list l. The circulant ...

A general quadratic Diophantine equation in two variables x and y is given by ax^2+cy^2=k, (1) where a, c, and k are specified (positive or negative) integers and x and y are ...

As a part of the study of Waring's problem, it is known that every positive integer is a sum of no more than 9 positive cubes (g(3)=9), that every "sufficiently large" ...

A Dirichlet L-series is a series of the form L_k(s,chi)=sum_(n=1)^inftychi_k(n)n^(-s), (1) where the number theoretic character chi_k(n) is an integer function with period k, ...

A Fourier series is an expansion of a periodic function f(x) in terms of an infinite sum of sines and cosines. Fourier series make use of the orthogonality relationships of ...

A fractal is an object or quantity that displays self-similarity, in a somewhat technical sense, on all scales. The object need not exhibit exactly the same structure at all ...

The greatest common divisor, sometimes also called the highest common divisor (Hardy and Wright 1979, p. 20), of two positive integers a and b is the largest divisor common ...

A Gröbner basis G for a system of polynomials A is an equivalence system that possesses useful properties, for example, that another polynomial f is a combination of those in ...

Let x be a real number, and let R be the set of positive real numbers mu for which 0<|x-p/q|<1/(q^mu) (1) has (at most) finitely many solutions p/q for p and q integers. Then ...