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A group action G×X->X is effective if there are no trivial actions. In particular, this means that there is no element of the group (besides the identity element) which does ...

Elliptic geometry is a non-Euclidean geometry with positive curvature which replaces the parallel postulate with the statement "through any point in the plane, there exist no ...

Let E be an elliptic curve defined over the field of rationals Q(sqrt(-d)) having equation y^2=x^3+ax+b with a and b integers. Let P be a point on E with integer coordinates ...

The extended mean-value theorem (Anton 1984, pp. 543-544), also known as the Cauchy mean-value theorem (Anton 1984, pp. 543) and Cauchy's mean-value formula (Apostol 1967, p. ...

If a function f(x) is continuous on a closed interval [a,b], then f(x) has both a maximum and a minimum on [a,b]. If f(x) has an extremum on an open interval (a,b), then the ...

A ruled surface is called a generalized cylinder if it can be parameterized by x(u,v)=vp+y(u), where p is a fixed point. A generalized cylinder is a regular surface wherever ...

A d-dimensional framework is a pair (G,p) where G=(V,E) is a graph with vertex set V and edge set E and p:V->R^d is a map that assigns a point in R^d to each vertex of G. The ...

A device consisting of two coupled pendula, usually oscillating at right angles to each other, which are attached to a pen. The resulting motion can produce beautiful, ...

Two figures are homothetic if they are related by an expansion or geometric contraction. This means that they lie in the same plane and corresponding sides are parallel; such ...

The initial side of an angle theta drawn in angle standard position is the side lying on the positive x-axis. In general, viewing an angle as the amount of rotation about the ...