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The complexity c_n of an integer n is the least number of 1s needed to represent it using only additions, multiplications, and parentheses. For example, the numbers 1 through ...

The complexity of a process or algorithm is a measure of how difficult it is to perform. The study of the complexity of algorithms is known as complexity theory. In general, ...

One of the numbers ..., -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, .... The set of integers forms a ring that is denoted Z. A given integer n may be negative (n in Z^-), nonnegative (n in Z^*), zero ...

The complexity of a pattern parameterized as the shortest algorithm required to reproduce it. Also known as bit complexity.

The Eisenstein integers, sometimes also called the Eisenstein-Jacobi integers (Finch 2003, p. 601), are numbers of the form a+bomega, where a and b are normal integers, ...

The number of single operations (of addition, subtraction, and multiplication) required to complete an algorithm.

A Gaussian integer is a complex number a+bi where a and b are integers. The Gaussian integers are members of the imaginary quadratic field Q(sqrt(-1)) and form a ring often ...

The theory of classifying problems based on how difficult they are to solve. A problem is assigned to the P-problem (polynomial-time) class if the number of steps needed to ...

The Krohn-Rhodes complexity, also called the group complexity or simply "the complexity," of a finite semigroup S is the smallest number of groups in a wreath product of ...

The function intx gives the integer part of x. In many computer languages, the function is denoted int(x). It is related to the floor and ceiling functions |_x_| and [x] by ...