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In Moralia, the Greek biographer and philosopher Plutarch states "Chrysippus says that the number of compound propositions that can be made from only ten simple propositions ...

In the case of a general surface, the distance between two points measured along the surface is known as a geodesic. For example, the shortest distance between two points on ...

If two points A and A^' are inverse (sometimes called conjugate) with respect to a circle (the inversion circle), then the straight line through A^' which is perpendicular to ...

A polyhedron compound is an arrangement of a number of interpenetrating polyhedra, either all the same or of several distinct types, usually having visually attractive ...

A polynomial discriminant is the product of the squares of the differences of the polynomial roots r_i. The discriminant of a polynomial is defined only up to constant ...

Dirac (1952) proved that if the minimum vertex degree delta(G)>=n/2 for a graph G on n>=3 nodes, then G contains a Hamiltonian cycle (Bollobás 1978, Komlós et al. 1996). In ...

d_n=p_(n+1)-p_n. (1) The first few values are 1, 2, 2, 4, 2, 4, 2, 4, 6, 2, 6, 4, 2, 4, 6, 6, ... (OEIS A001223). Rankin has shown that d_n>(clnnlnlnnlnlnlnlnn)/((lnlnlnn)^2) ...

The probability density function (PDF) P(x) of a continuous distribution is defined as the derivative of the (cumulative) distribution function D(x), D^'(x) = ...

A prolate spheroid is a spheroid that is "pointy" instead of "squashed," i.e., one for which the polar radius c is greater than the equatorial radius a, so c>a (called ...

A system of curvilinear coordinates in which two sets of coordinate surfaces are obtained by revolving the curves of the elliptic cylindrical coordinates about the x-axis, ...