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The decimal expansion of the natural logarithm of 2 is given by ln2=0.69314718055994530941... (OEIS A002162). It was computed to 10^(11) decimal digits by S. Kondo on May 14, ...

The negative binomial distribution, also known as the Pascal distribution or Pólya distribution, gives the probability of r-1 successes and x failures in x+r-1 trials, and ...

The doubly noncentral F-distribution describes the distribution (X/n_1)/(Y/n_2) for two independently distributed noncentral chi-squared variables X:chi_(n_1)^2(lambda_1) and ...

A "squashed" spheroid for which the equatorial radius a is greater than the polar radius c, so a>c (called an oblate ellipsoid by Tietze 1965, p. 27). An oblate spheroid is a ...

The geodesic on an oblate spheroid can be computed analytically, although the resulting expression is much more unwieldy than for a simple sphere. A spheroid with equatorial ...

A system of curvilinear coordinates in which two sets of coordinate surfaces are obtained by revolving the curves of the elliptic cylindrical coordinates about the y-axis ...

The odd divisor function sigma_k^((o))(n)=sum_(d|n; d odd)d^k (1) is the sum of kth powers of the odd divisors of a number n. It is the analog of the divisor function for odd ...

An oval is a curve resembling a squashed circle but, unlike the ellipse, without a precise mathematical definition. The word oval derived from the Latin word "ovus" for egg. ...

The number of partitions of n in which no parts are multiples of k is sometimes denoted b_k(n) (Gordon and Ono 1997). b_k(n) is also the number of partitions of n into at ...

The Pauli matrices, also called the Pauli spin matrices, are complex matrices that arise in Pauli's treatment of spin in quantum mechanics. They are defined by sigma_1 = ...