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If P is a pedal point inside a triangle DeltaABC, and P_A, P_B, and P_C are the feet of the perpendiculars from P upon the respective sides BC, CA, and AB, then ...

Ergodic theory can be described as the statistical and qualitative behavior of measurable group and semigroup actions on measure spaces. The group is most commonly N, R, R-+, ...

Euclid's second theorem states that the number of primes is infinite. The proof of this can be accomplished using the numbers E_n = 1+product_(i=1)^(n)p_i (1) = 1+p_n#, (2) ...

A geometry in which Euclid's fifth postulate holds, sometimes also called parabolic geometry. Two-dimensional Euclidean geometry is called plane geometry, and ...

A differential evolution method used to minimize functions of real variables. Evolution strategies are significantly faster at numerical optimization than traditional genetic ...

A field K is said to be an extension field (or field extension, or extension), denoted K/F, of a field F if F is a subfield of K. For example, the complex numbers are an ...

Faà di Bruno's formula gives an explicit equation for the nth derivative of the composition f(g(t)). If f(t) and g(t) are functions for which all necessary derivatives are ...

A Fermat pseudoprime to a base a, written psp(a), is a composite number n such that a^(n-1)=1 (mod n), i.e., it satisfies Fermat's little theorem. Sometimes the requirement ...

Fermat's last theorem is a theorem first proposed by Fermat in the form of a note scribbled in the margin of his copy of the ancient Greek text Arithmetica by Diophantus. The ...

A Ferrers diagram represents partitions as patterns of dots, with the nth row having the same number of dots as the nth term in the partition. The spelling "Ferrars" (Skiena ...