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A polynomial is said to be irreducible if it cannot be factored into nontrivial polynomials over the same field. For example, in the field of rational polynomials Q[x] (i.e., ...

An isosceles triangle is a triangle with (at least) two equal sides. In the figure above, the two equal sides have length b and the remaining side has length a. This property ...

Roughly speaking, isospectral manifolds are drums that sound the same, i.e., have the same eigenfrequency spectrum. Two drums with differing area, perimeter, or genus can ...

A tensor which has the same components in all rotated coordinate systems. All rank-0 tensors (scalars) are isotropic, but no rank-1 tensors (vectors) are. The unique rank-2 ...

The variable phi (also denoted am(u,k)) used in elliptic functions and elliptic integrals is called the amplitude (or Jacobi amplitude). It can be defined by phi = am(u,k) ...

The Jacobi symbol, written (n/m) or (n/m) is defined for positive odd m as (n/m)=(n/(p_1))^(a_1)(n/(p_2))^(a_2)...(n/(p_k))^(a_k), (1) where m=p_1^(a_1)p_2^(a_2)...p_k^(a_k) ...

Given a set y=f(x) of n equations in n variables x_1, ..., x_n, written explicitly as y=[f_1(x); f_2(x); |; f_n(x)], (1) or more explicitly as {y_1=f_1(x_1,...,x_n); |; ...

The Johnson circumconic, a term used here for the first time, is the circumconic that passes through the vertices of both the reference triangle and the Johnson triangle. It ...

A collection of identities which hold on a Kähler manifold, also called the Hodge identities. Let omega be a Kähler form, d=partial+partial^_ be the exterior derivative, ...

Let G be a planar graph whose vertices have been properly colored and suppose v in V(G) is colored C_1. Define the C_1C_2-Kempe chain containing v to be the maximal connected ...