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The inverse erf function is the inverse function erfc^(-1)(z) of erfc(x) such that erfc(erfc^(-1)(x))=erfc^(-1)(erfc(x)), (1) with the first identity holding for 0<x<2 and ...

The inverse Gaussian distribution, also known as the Wald distribution, is the distribution over [0,infty) with probability density function and distribution function given ...

A system of coordinates obtained by inversion of the oblate spheroids and one-sheeted hyperboloids in oblate spheroidal coordinates. The inverse oblate spheroidal coordinates ...

A system of coordinates obtained by inversion of the prolate spheroids and two-sheeted hyperboloids in prolate spheroidal coordinates. The inverse prolate spheroidal ...

The invertible matrix theorem is a theorem in linear algebra which gives a series of equivalent conditions for an n×n square matrix A to have an inverse. In particular, A is ...

Consider a second-order ordinary differential equation y^('')+P(x)y^'+Q(x)y=0. If P(x) and Q(x) remain finite at x=x_0, then x_0 is called an ordinary point. If either P(x) ...

The term isocline derives from the Greek words for "same slope." For a first-order ordinary differential equation y^'=f(t,y) is, a curve with equation f(t,y)=C for some ...

A metric space X is isometric to a metric space Y if there is a bijection f between X and Y that preserves distances. That is, d(a,b)=d(f(a),f(b)). In the context of ...

A bijective map between two metric spaces that preserves distances, i.e., d(f(x),f(y))=d(x,y), where f is the map and d(a,b) is the distance function. Isometries are ...

The isoperimetric quotient of a closed curve is defined as the ratio of the curve area to the area of a circle (A=pir_A^2) with same perimeter (p=2pir_p) as the curve, Q = ...