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Given a sequence S_i as input to stage i, form sequence S_(i+1) as follows: 1. For k in [1,...,i], write term i+k and then term i-k. 2. Discard the ith term. 3. Write the ...

For every k>=1, let C_k be the set of composite numbers n>k such that if 1<a<n, GCD(a,n)=1 (where GCD is the greatest common divisor), then a^(n-k)=1 (mod n). Special cases ...

The approximation for pi given by pi approx sqrt((40)/3-2sqrt(3)) (1) = 1/3sqrt(120-18sqrt(3)) (2) = 3.141533.... (3) In the above figure, let OA=OF=1, and construct the ...

An ordering for the Cartesian product × of any two sets A and B with order relations <A and <B, respectively, such that if (a_1,b_1) and (a_2,b_2) both belong to A×B, then ...

The nth Monica set M_n is defined as the set of composite numbers x for which n|[S(x)-S_p(x)], where x = a_0+a_1(10^1)+...+a_d(10^d) (1) = p_1p_2...p_m, (2) and S(x) = ...

Let J_nu(z) be a Bessel function of the first kind, Y_nu(z) a Bessel function of the second kind, and K_nu(z) a modified Bessel function of the first kind. Then ...

Following the work of Fuchs in classifying first-order ordinary differential equations, Painlevé studied second-order ordinary differential equation of the form ...

Also called "Ethiopian multiplication." To multiply two numbers a and b, write a_0=a and b_0=b in two columns. Under a_0, write |_a_0/2_|, where |_x_| is the floor function, ...

X is a spherical t-design in E iff it is possible to exactly determine the average value on E of any polynomial f of degree at most t by sampling f at the points of X. In ...

Given the incircle and circumcircle of a bicentric polygon of n sides, the centroid of the tangent points on the incircle is a fixed point W, known as the Weill point, ...