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If sets E and F are independent, then so are E and F^', where F^' is the complement of F (i.e., the set of all possible outcomes not contained in F). Let union denote "or" ...

A pairing function is a function that reversibly maps Z^*×Z^* onto Z^*, where Z^*={0,1,2,...} denotes nonnegative integers. Pairing functions arise naturally in the ...

R^- denotes the real negative numbers.

The term "(a,b)-leaper" (sometimes explicitly called a "single-pattern leaper") describes a fairy chess piece such as a knight that may make moves which simultaneously change ...

alpha=1/Nsum_(i=1)^N|x_i-mu|=<|x_i-mu|>.

The Diophantine equation x^2+k=y^3, which is also an elliptic curve. The general equation is still the focus of ongoing study.

Elder's theorem is a generalization of Stanley's theorem which states that the total number of occurrences of an integer k among all unordered partitions of n is equal to the ...

nu_((r))=sum_(x)x^((r))f(x), where x^((r))=x(x-1)...(x-r+1).

The problem of deciding if two knots in three-space are equivalent such that one can be continuously deformed into another.

Legendre-Gauss quadrature is a numerical integration method also called "the" Gaussian quadrature or Legendre quadrature. A Gaussian quadrature over the interval [-1,1] with ...